2. What is the crime? What types of crime do you know? Why do people commit crimes?
3. What are drugs? Why do people take them?
4. What is “a multicultural society“? What are the problems of multicultural societies?
5. Why do people emigrate? Speak about the reasons for emigrating.
Ad 1)
There have always been problems in the world like poverty, disease, natural hazards, crime or war. In the past, the problems were often local. Today, many problems are global.
There are several types of the most burning (nejpalčivější) problems in today´s world:
1) Political problems
• Fights, civil wars and wars
• intolerance and xenofobia, racism (problems of multicultural societies)
• terrorism (solving political problems using violence)
2) economic
• unemployment (very high in some regions, lack of job opportunities)
• poverty and hunger
• disbalance of economic development
• Europe + North America - rich, highly developed, modern, use advanced technologies, high living standard
• Africa, Asia, South America – poor, underdeveloped, low living standard, dependent on the help of the rich – millionaries, charities etc.
3) environmental
• natural hazards (flood, drought, hurricanes …)
• climate changes (global warming, the greenhouse effect…)
• bad accidents (plane crashes, oil tanker disasters, fires of oil refineries, accidents (havárie) in chemical factories and nuclear power plants,…)
4) social and cultural
• bad living conditions (slums)
• bad education (work instead of school)
• bad medical care (no vaccination, no prevention, many children die)
• growth of world population (some parts of the world are overpopulated)
• dangerous diseases (AIDS, flu…)
• crime (high criminality rate in some regions)
• drugs, gambling, alcoholism etc.
• workoholism, computer addiction etc.
Ad 2)
The crime is a bad deed (skutek, čin), something against the law.
If you do something against the law, you break the law (porušit, přestoupit zákon), you commit a crime (spáchat zločin).
You are a criminal.
If you suffer from a crime, you are a victim (oběť).
The police (or the detectives) investigate the crime.
They look for evidence and fingerprints, question (vyslýchat) the witnesses (svědci) and the suspects (podezřelí).
They catch and arrest (= take prisoner) the most probable offender (pachatel). He / She is accused of the crime (obviněný z trestného činu).
Then, the trial (proces, soud) starts.
If he / she is found guilty (shledán vinným), the judge (soudce) sentenses (odsoudí) him / her to prison.
Kinds of crime:
CRIME VERB OFFENDER
murder to murder a murderer vražda
kidnapping to kidnap a kidnapper únos (např. dítěte)
taking somebody hostage to take sb. hostage a hostage vzetí jako rukojmí
hijacking to hijack a hijacker únos (např. letadla)
rape to rape a rapist znásilnění
terrorism a terrorist
drug dealing deal drugs a drug dealer
smuggling to smuggle a smuggler pašování
fraud to deceive a fraud podvod
blackmailing to blackmail a blackmailer vydírání
theft to steal a thief, a pickpocket krádež
robbery to rob: rob a bank a robber loupež
shoplifting to steal from a shop a shoplifter krádež v obchodě
burglary / housebreaking to burgle: burgle a house a burgler vloupání se (do domu)
mugging to mug a mugger loupežné přepadení
counterfeiting to counterfeit a counterfeiter padělání
bullying to bully a bully šikana
happy slapping to attack, to slap a happy-slapper napadení a zbití někoho a současné natáčení na mobil a poté umístění záznamu na internet
Ad 3)
Drugs are substances (látky) that people use to feel happy and full of energy or to relax their mind and body. Some drugs are very strong and dangerous. People who take illegal drugs are called drug users. They are soon not able to stop taking drugs. They become drug addicts.
The person who sells illegal drugs is called a drug dealer. Drug dealing is a crime.
An addict = podstatné jméno - závislý člověk
Addicted to = přídavné jméno – závislý na
Ad 4)
Multicultural society
A multicultural society is a society in which various cultures and minorities (= ethnic, religious and other groups) live together. Great Britain or the USA are examples of multicultural societies.
People from different cultures create communities according to their nation, religion etc. They keep their traditions alive. They celebrate their festivals, speak their own languge, sing their songs, or eat their meals.
In some countries, minorities live together on friendly terms, in other countries, there is tension or there are even fights (as e.g. in Northern Ireland, in Spain, in India, in some African countries etc.).
Peaceful life in multicultural societies is possible only if there is tolerance, respect for each other´s values, traditions, habits and preferences.
It is rude to laugh at other people´s colour of skin, sexual orientation. It is impolite to make bad jokes about people from other cultures. It can lead to misunderstanding and can cause serious problems.
Ad 5)
Reasons for emigrating
(New Opportunities Pre-Intermediate, U32, Tapescript) – adapted
There are many reasons why people emigrate.
Some people want to learn about different ways of life. Living and working in another country is the best way to do this.
Very rich people, like sports stars, sometimes live in another country because they don´t want to pay high taxes.
For the majority of people, however, emigration is not a free choice.
Probably the most common reason for emigrating is to look for work in a richer country. This is because of high unemployment in their own country.
Some people have to emigrate for political reasons: they want to escape persecution. They seek asylum in a free democratic state.
Another reason people have to emigrate is often after a natural disaster, such as an earthquake or flood.
Finally some people have to emigrate to escape from a dangerous situation such as war. These emigrants have to leave their homes to save their lives.
There are many reasons why people emigrate.
Some people leave their home because they want to.
The reasons for that are called pull factors.
They are e.g.
• adventure
• better job opportunities
• well-paid jobs
• better education
• better medical care
• family reasons
Some people leave their homes because they have to.
The reasons for that are called push factors.
They are e.g.
• fights or war
• persecution for political reasons
• religious and other intolerance
• unemployment
• poverty and famine
• natural disasters
• disease
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